A requirement in software engineering is a clear statement of what a software system should do and the conditions it must satisfy. It describes the functions, features, and constraints expected by the users or stakeholders.
Example: In an online shopping system, a requirement may be: “The system shall allow customers to add products to a shopping cart and place orders.”
Functional vs Non-Functional Requirements
| Factor | Functional Requirements | Non-Functional Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning | Describe what the system should do. | Describe how well the system should perform. |
| Focus | Focus on features and functions. | Focus on quality attributes and constraints. |
| Purpose | Defines the services provided by the system. | Defines the quality and performance standards of the system. |
| User Interaction | Describes specific actions users can perform. | Describes conditions under which those actions are performed. |
| Examples | Login, registration, search, payment, order placement. | Security, speed, reliability, usability, scalability. |
| Testing | Tested using functional testing. | Tested using performance, security, usability, etc. |
| Nature | Usually specific to a particular function. | Usually applies to the system as a whole. |
| Example Statement | “The system shall allow users to place an order.” | “The system shall process an order within 2 seconds.” |
Easy way to remember:
Functional = What the system does
Non-functional = How well the system does it
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